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The directory functions allow you to retrieve information about directories and their contents.

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PHP: indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the constant.

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The behavior of the date/time functions is affected by settings in php.ini.

Date/Time configuration options:

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The date/time functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.

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The date/time functions allow you to extract and format the date and time on the server.

Note: These functions depend on the locale settings of the server!

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The windows version of PHP has built-in support for the calendar extension. So, the calendar functions will work automatically.

However, if you are running the Linux version of PHP, you will have to compile PHP with –enable-calendar to get the calendar functions to work.

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PHP Calendar Introduction

The calendar functions are useful when working with different calendar formats. The standard it is based on is the Julian day count (Julian day count is a count of days starting from January 1, 4713 B.C.). Note that the Julian day count is not the same as the Julian calendar!

Note: To convert between calendar formats, you must first convert to Julian day count, then to the calendar format.

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The array functions are part of the PHP core. There is no installation needed to use these functions.

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The array functions allow you to manipulate arrays.

PHP supports both simple and multi-dimensional arrays. There are also specific functions for populating arrays from database queries.

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The text file (poll_result.txt) is where we store the data from the poll.

It is stored like this:

• 0||0

The first number represents the “Yes” votes, the second number represents the “No” votes.

Note: Remember to allow your web server to edit the text file. Do NOT give everyone access, just the web server (PHP).

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The server page called by the JavaScript code is a simple PHP file called “poll_vote.php”.

• <?php
  $vote = $_REQUEST['vote'];
  //get content of textfile
  $filename = “poll_result.txt”;
  $content = file($filename);

  //put content in array
  $array = explode(“||”, $content[0]);
  $yes = $array[0];
  $no = $array[1];

  if ($vote == 0)
  {
  $yes = $yes + 1;
  }
  if ($vote == 1)
  {
  $no = $no + 1;
  }

  //insert votes to txt file
  $insertvote = $yes.”||”.$no;
  $fp = fopen($filename,”w”);
  fputs($fp,$insertvote);
  fclose($fp);
  ?>

  <h2>Result:</h2>
  <table>
  <tr>
  <td>Yes:</td>
  <td>
  <img src=”poll.gif”
  width=’<?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>’
  height=’20′>
  <?php echo(100*round($yes/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%
  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
  <td>No:</td>
  <td>
  <img src=”poll.gif”
  width=’<?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>’
  height=’20′>
  <?php echo(100*round($no/($no+$yes),2)); ?>%
  </td>
  </tr>
  </table>

The selected value is sent from the JavaScript and the following happens:

1. Get the content of the “poll_result.txt” file
2. Put the content of the file in variables and add one to the selected variable
3. Write the result to the “poll_result.txt” file
4. Output a graphical representation of the poll result

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This is the JavaScript code stored in the file “poll.js”:

• var xmlhttp;

  function getVote(int)
  {
  xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();
  if (xmlhttp==null)
  {
  alert (“Browser does not support HTTP Request”);
  return;
  }
  var url=”poll_vote.php”;
  url=url+”?vote=”+int;
  url=url+”&sid=”+Math.random();
  xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;
  xmlhttp.open(“GET”,url,true);
  xmlhttp.send(null);
  }

  function stateChanged()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4)
  {
  document.getElementById(“poll”).innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
  }
  }

  function GetXmlHttpObject()
  {
  var objXMLHttp=null;
  if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {
  objXMLHttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
  else if (window.ActiveXObject)
  {
  objXMLHttp=new ActiveXObject(“Microsoft.XMLHTTP”);
  }
  return objXMLHttp;

The stateChanged() and GetXmlHttpObject functions are the same as in the PHP AJAX Suggest chapter.

The getVote() Function

This function executes when “yes” or “no” is selected in the HTML form.

1. Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object
2. Defines the URL (filename) to send to the server
3. Adds a parameter (vote) to the URL with the content of the input field
4. Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file
5. Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed
6. Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given url.
7. Sends an HTTP request to the server

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The HTML page contains a link to an external JavaScript, an HTML form, and a div element:

• <html>
  <head>
  <script src=”poll.js”></script>
  </head>
  <body>

  <div>
  <h3>Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?</h3>
  <form>
  Yes:
  <input value=”0″ onclick=”getVote(this.value)” />
  <br />No:
  <input value=”1″ onclick=”getVote(this.value)” />
  </form>
  </div>

  </body>
  </html>

The HTML form works like this:

1. An event is triggered when the user selects the “yes” or “no” option
2. When the event is triggered, the function getVote() is executed
3. The data returned from the getVote() function will replace the form, in the <div> tag

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This example will demonstrate a poll where a web page can get results without reloading.

Do you like PHP and AJAX so far?

Yes:

No:

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The PHP page called by the JavaScript code is called “getrss.php”:

• <?php
  //get the q parameter from URL
  $q=$_GET["q"];

  //find out which feed was selected
  if($q==”Google”)
  {
  $xml=(“http://news.google.com/news?ned=us&topic=h&output=rss”);
  }
  elseif($q==”MSNBC”)
  {
  $xml=(“http://rss.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032091/device/rss/rss.xml”);
  }

  $xmlDoc = new DOMDocument();
  $xmlDoc->load($xml);

  //get elements from “<channel>”
  $channel=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName(‘channel’)->item(0);
  $channel_title = $channel->getElementsByTagName(‘title’)
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
  $channel_link = $channel->getElementsByTagName(‘link’)
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
  $channel_desc = $channel->getElementsByTagName(‘description’)
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;

  //output elements from “<channel>”
  echo(“<p><a href=’” . $channel_link
  . “‘>” . $channel_title . “</a>”);
  echo(“<br />”);
  echo($channel_desc . “</p>”);

  //get and output “<item>” elements
  $x=$xmlDoc->getElementsByTagName(‘item’);
  for ($i=0; $i<=2; $i++)
  {
  $item_title=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName(‘title’)
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
  $item_link=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName(‘link’)
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;
  $item_desc=$x->item($i)->getElementsByTagName(‘description’)
  ->item(0)->childNodes->item(0)->nodeValue;

  echo (“<p><a href=’” . $item_link
  . “‘>” . $item_title . “</a>”);
  echo (“<br />”);
  echo ($item_desc . “</p>”);
  }
  ?>

When an option is sent from the JavaScript, the following happens:

1. PHP finds out which RSS feed was selected
2. An XML DOM object is created for the selected RSS feed
3. The elements from the RSS channel are found and outputted
4. Loops through the first three elements and output result

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This is the JavaScript code stored in the file “getrss.js”:

• var xmlhttp;

  function showRSS(str)
  {
  xmlhttp=GetXmlHttpObject();
  if (xmlhttp==null)
  {
  alert (“Your browser does not support XML HTTP Request”);
  return;
  }
  var url=”getrss.php”;
  url=url+”?q=”+str;
  url=url+”&sid=”+Math.random();
  xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=stateChanged;
  xmlhttp.open(“GET”,url,true);
  xmlhttp.send(null);
  }

  function stateChanged()
  {
  if (xmlhttp.readyState==4)
  {
  document.getElementById(“rssOutput”).innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
  }
  }

  function GetXmlHttpObject()
  {
  if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {
  // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  return new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
  if (window.ActiveXObject)
  {
  // code for IE6, IE5
  return new ActiveXObject(“Microsoft.XMLHTTP”);
  }
  return null;
  }

The stateChanged() and GetXmlHttpObject functions are the same as in the PHP AJAX Suggest chapter.

The showRSS() Function

Every time an option is selected in the input field, this function executes the following:

1. Calls the GetXmlHttpObject() function to create an XMLHTTP object
2. Defines the URL (filename) to send to the server
3. Adds a parameter (q) to the URL with the selected option from the drop-down list
4. Adds a random number to prevent the server from using a cached file
5. Each time the readyState property changes, the stateChanged() function will be executed
6. Opens the XMLHTTP object with the given URL
7. Sends an HTTP request to the server

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